In the wake of startling evidence of unexplained emissions of the ozone-destroying chemical CFC-11 in the atmosphere, this report reveals compelling evidence that illegal production and use of CFC-11 in China is the cause
Without the ozone layer, most of Earth’s organisms could not have evolved, let alone be sustained. This briefing provides an overview of the smuggling of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and actions to combat illegal ODS trade that can be taken by Parties to the Montreal Protocol
Far from going away, the threat of black market ODS looms greater than ever and this briefing brings together analysis of trade and emissions data, recent reported seizures and a look at the global refrigerant and feedstock market to highlight some key areas of concern, needing to be addressed by the Montreal Protocol
Illegal trade in ozone depleting substances (ODS) arose as an unintended consequence of the phase-out of these materials and as illegal trade in ODS soared in the mid-1990s the Montreal Protocol, somewhat belatedly, responded through the creation of national import/export licensing systems.
Disposing of e-waste is fast becoming big business and our 18-month undercover operation, the most thorough to date into the illegal underbelly of the trade, shows that the chance to make a quick profit at the expense of the developing world is too tempting for some to resist
This report presents a feasibility study for developing systems for monitoring transboundary movements of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODS) between the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. it includes a series of in-depth interviews with government officials and industry personnel