The global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), starting in January 2019 under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, could avoid 0.5°C of warming by 2100. By simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of cooling systems, this climate benefit could potentially be doubled
Without the ozone layer, most of Earth’s organisms could not have evolved, let alone be sustained. This briefing provides an overview of the smuggling of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and actions to combat illegal ODS trade that can be taken by Parties to the Montreal Protocol
An EIA briefing for the Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna from July 15-23, 2016. Following the adoption of the Dubai Pathway on hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Parties to the Montreal Protocol are set to negotiate and adopt an HFC amendment, the first major test of the Paris Climate Agreement
Illegal trade in ozone depleting substances (ODS) arose as an unintended consequence of the phase-out of these materials and as illegal trade in ODS soared in the mid-1990s the Montreal Protocol, somewhat belatedly, responded through the creation of national import/export licensing systems.
This report presents a feasibility study for developing systems for monitoring transboundary movements of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODS) between the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. it includes a series of in-depth interviews with government officials and industry personnel