Forest and peatland burning changes Sebangau National Park to oil palm plantations
BOGOR: The latest report from the Independent Forest Monitoring Network in Indonesia (Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan, or JPIK) – The Loss of Our Forest and Peatland – reveals systematic and extensive encroachment, as well as illegal logging, within Sebangau National Park that reaches far into the park’s rehabilitation zone (zona rehabilitasi) and wilderness zone (zona rimba).
JPIK’s repeated monitoring from the end of 2016 to early 2018 found that forest and peatland have been converted and burnt for oil palm planting in Tangkiling and Marang, Bukit Batu sub-district in Palangkaraya municipality, one of the management units of Sebangau National Park. JPIK also found that illegal logging was happening inside the park, the timber allegedly used to supply local timber industries in Central Kalimantan.
Satellite image analysis by JPIK shows that 19,000 hectares in Sebangau National Park were burnt in 2015. More than half of the hotspots in all national parks in Indonesia in the same year were in Sebangau National Park. The cause is believed to be land clearing for oil palm plantations and farmland.
JPIK Campaigner Dhio Teguh Ferdyan said: “Instead of being defended, the national park management unit closest to the centre of provincial government in Palangkaraya – which, in theory, should be able to protect its integrityis in reality allowing encroachment, leading to the destruction of tropical peat swamp forest”.
JPIK’s monitoring confirms that forest and peatland have been cleared and burnt in Tangkiling and Marang, along and inside the park for oil palm plantations. JPIK confirmed that 11 GPS coordinates in these areas were inside the park, with the locations in the rehabilitation zone and the wilderness zone.
Saluang Welum, a farmers’ group in Marang, also contributed to the conversion of more than 1,000 ha of land, some of which is located within the park. Information from local sources names several high-ranking Palangkaraya municipal government officials as having lands around Palangkaraya Management Unit of Sebangau National Park. The officials’ names are found on the plan of the Saluang Welum famers’ group plantation area, which has been divided into 26 plots based on respective owners. An access road which cuts through the national park has been built by the Palangkaraya Municipal Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency to facilitate this farmers’ group.
In Tangkiling, the loss of forest has forced orangutans to move and build nests in oil palm plantations. It is ironic because the Government declared Sebangau National Park a pilot site for peat restoration, including it in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) demonstration activities.
“The illegal logging and continuing conversion of Sebangau National Park into oil palm plantations is alarming. The park is home to one of the largest populations of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan and its peatlands are hugely important carbon stocks. These activities need to be urgently halted,” said Siobhan Pearce, EIA Forests Campaigner.
JPIK has reported the acts of encroachment and illegal logging in Sebangau National Park to the Directorate General (DG) of Law Enforcement, Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). But until now there have been no concrete efforts nor law enforcement against these illegal activities. This clearly shows that the central and regional governments have failed to enforce the law and protect the forest and peatland ecosystem.
MEDIA CONTACTS
JPIK: Dhio Teguh Ferdyan via dhio.jpik[at]gmail.com
EIA: Siobhan Pearce via spearce[at]eia-international.org
EDITORS’ NOTES
BOGOR: Laporan terbaru Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan (JPIK) – Hilangnya Hutan dan Gambut Kita – mengungkap tentang perambahan yang sistematis dan ekstensif, serta penebangan ilegal di dalam Taman Nasional Sebangau (TN Sebangau) menjangkau hingga zona rehabilitasi dan zona rimba.
Pemantauan berulang JPIK dari akhir tahun 2016 hingga awal 2018 menemukan hutan dan lahan gambut telah dikonversi dan dibakar untuk penanaman kelapa sawit di Tangkiling dan Marang, Kecamatan Bukit Batu di Palangkaraya, salah satu wilayah pengelolaan TN Sebangau. JPIK juga menemukan penebangan liar terjadi di dalam taman nasional yang diduga kuat kayu-kayu tersebut dipasok ke industri kayu lokal di Kalimantan Tengah.
Hasil analisis citra memperlihatkan 19 ribu hektar lahan TN Sebangau terbakar pada tahun 2015. Lebih dari separuh total titik panas di seluruh taman nasional di Indonesia pada tahun yang sama berada di TN Sebangau. Penyebabnya diyakini pembukaan hutan dan lahan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit dan lahan pertanian.
Juru Kampanye JPIK, Dhio Teguh Ferdyan menuturukan, “alih-alih dipertahankan, satuan pengelolaan taman nasional yang paling dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan provinsi di Palangkaraya – yang dalam teori seharusnya dapat dilindungi keutuhannya – pada kenyataannya membiarkan perambahan yang menyebabkan hancurnya hutan rawa gambut tropis”.
Pemantauan JPIK menegaskan bahwa hutan dan lahan gambut telah ditebangi dan dibakar di Tangkiling dan Marang, di sepanjang dan di dalam taman nasional untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit. JPIK mengkonfirmasi sebelas koordinat GPS di daerah ini berada di dalam taman nasional, tepat berada di zona rehabilitasi dan zona rimba.
Saluang Welum, sebuah kelompok tani di Marang diperkirakan telah mengkonversi lebih dari 1.000 hektar lahan, beberapa di antaranya berada di dalam taman nasional. Informasi dari masyarakat menyebutkan beberapa pejabat tinggi pemerintah kota Palangkaraya memiliki tanah di sekitar wilayah pengelolaan Palangkaraya di Taman Nasional Sebangau. Nama-nama pejabat tersebut ditemukan pada peta kebun kelompok tani Saluang Welum, yang telah dibagi menjadi 26 plot berdasarkan masing-masing pemilik.. Jalan akses yang memotong melalui taman nasional telah dibangun oleh Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kota Palangkaraya untuk memfasilitasi kelompok tani ini.
Di Tangkiling, hilangnya hutan memaksa orangutan pindah dan membangun sarang di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Ironis karena Pemerintah menyatakan Taman Nasional Sebangau sebagai lokasi percontohan restorasi gambut, dan termasuk dalam kegiatan demonstrasi Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+).
“Pembalakan liar dan konversi Taman Nasional Sebangau menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit mengkhawatirkan. Taman nasional ini menjadi rumah bagi salah satu populasi terbesar orangutan yang terancam punah dan lahan gambutnya adalah cadangan karbon yang sangat penting. Kegiatan ini harus segera dihentikan, ” kata Siobhan Pearce, Juru Kampanye EIA.
JPIK telah melaporkan tindak perambahan dan penebangan liar di Taman Nasional Sebangau kepada Direktorat Jenderal Penegakan Hukum KLHK. Namun sampai saat ini belum ada upaya konkrit dan penegakan hukum terhadap kegiatan illegal tersebut. Hal ini jelas menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah pusat dan daerah telah gagal menegakkan hukum dan melindungi hutan dan ekosistem lahan gambut.
KONTAK WAWANCARA
JPIK: Dhio Teguh Ferdyan via dhio.jpik[at]gmail.com
EIA: Siobhan Pearce via spearce[at]eia-international.org
CATATAN EDITOR