Vietnam timber industry’s legality safeguards threatened by illicit timber imports from Cambodia and Laos

LONDON: Vietnam has made significant progress in recent years to keep its supply chains free from illicit timber, allowing it to maintain access to lucrative export markets – but new investigations show those efforts are in danger of being undermined by high-risk timber entering from neighbouring countries.

In a new report released today, Manufactured Legality – Timber supply chains from Laos and Cambodia into Vietnam, the London-based Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) documents raw timber imports into Vietnam which are inconsistent with legal frameworks.

These imports include timber from quota systems linked to major infrastructure projects such as dam construction, from concession-based logging and from harvesting beyond authorised boundaries – all means to effectively obscure the illegal origins of timber.

EIA’s investigation found recurring patterns in which documentation did not provide reliable evidence of timber origin, including discrepancies between declared and actual timber volumes, the use of parallel documentation systems and the integration of timber of uncertain origin into formal processing and supply chains.

While imports from Cambodia and Laos account for only a small proportion of Vietnam’s overall timber imports, Manufactured Legality highlights the challenges legality assurance systems face when verifying timber originating from high-risk governance environments.

EIA Forests Campaign Leader (Timber) Thomas Chung said: “Vietnam has become a regional leader in strengthening timber legality and forest governance. The development of the Vietnam Timber Legality Assurance System (VNTLAS) represents a significant achievement and demonstrates the country’s clear commitment to tackling illegal logging and improving supply chain transparency.

“The current phase of VNTLAS implementation provides an opportunity to build on that progress and further strengthen confidence in the system to address such challenges.

“Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring that legality verification systems are properly equipped to address risks associated with high-risk supply chains. Documentation is only as reliable as the system that produces it. Where governance weaknesses, corruption risks or limited transparency exist, legality assurance systems need the capacity to look beyond paperwork and independently verify claims about timber origin and legality.”

The lessons extend beyond Vietnam. As governments around the world increasingly rely on legality assurance and due diligence systems to combat illegal logging, environmental crime and associated human rights abuses, it remains essential to ensure that those systems can effectively identify high-risk timber.

Manufactured Legality’s findings demonstrate why strong governance, transparency and independent verification must remain central to the credibility of these systems.

The report also identifies key steps to strengthen the system, focusing on improving verification, enhancing transparency and ensuring that risk is effectively identified and addressed.

EIA will continue working with civil society organisations, government agencies and international partners to strengthen forest governance and improve the effectiveness of timber legality systems across producer and consumer markets.

CONTACTS FOR MEDIA

• Thomas Chung, EIA Forests Campaign Leader (Timber), via thomaschung[at]eia-international.org
• Paul Newman, EIA UK Senior Press & Communications Officer, via press[at]eia-international.org

EDITORS’ NOTES

1. The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) investigates and campaigns against environmental crime and abuse. Our undercover investigations expose transnational wildlife crime, with a focus on elephants, pangolins and tigers, and forest crimes such as illegal logging and deforestation for cash crops such as palm oil. We work to avert climate catastrophe by investigating the criminal trade in refrigerant gases, strengthening and enforcing regional and international agreements that tackle fossil fuels and climate super-pollutants, including ozone-depleting substances, hydrofluorocarbons and methane, and advocating corporate and policy measures to promote sustainable cooling. We work to safeguard global marine ecosystems by addressing the threats posed by plastic pollution, bycatch and commercial exploitation of whales, dolphins and porpoises. Our findings are used in hard-hitting reports to campaign for new legislation, improved governance and more effective enforcement. Our field experience is used to provide guidance to enforcement agencies and we form partnerships with local groups and activists and support their work through hands-on training.
2. Read and download Manufactured Legality at https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Manufactured-Legality-2026-FINAL-FOR-MEDIA.pdf

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